The Civil War Reconstruction

Johnson's Reconstruction Plan:

It was founded on Lincoln’s reconstruction plan. It consisted of forgiving leaders of the Confederate armies, soldiers and the southerners who took an oath of allegiance to the union. It affirmed that states would never have to abolish slavery or reject the confederate debt and gave the ability to the states to hold elections.

Black Codes

They were laws that restricted freedman rights . They controlled freedmen lives with a kind of virtual slavery. Those codes were curfews, laws, contracts, and land restrictions. The black people could only sleep on plantations. This lasted a year and those who would quit in the middle of the year would loose all their money.

14^th Amendment

This amendment was made in 1868. It guaranteed to all citizens of America equal protection. All Americans (born or naturalized in America) had the American citizenship and they were all part of the United States. No other state could deprive them

15th Amendment

This amendment was made in 1870. It stated that all male citizens of America would have the right to vote. This amendment applied to black men too only if they paid taxes and for the nation’s expansion. They also had to follow all the laws, and make an income by working in farms, mines and shops.

Radical Reconstruction

They were a small but affective group that were against the Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan. Their goal was to present their civil rights and prevent the black code’s expansion because they thought it was cruel.

Carpetbagger

It was the negative nickname given by the southerners to the north immigrants that settled south after the civil war.

Scalawag

It was the negative nickname for the southern white republicans after the civil war who supported the reconstruction.

After the civil war ..

CREATE A LIST O CHALLENGES THE NEWLY FREED SLAVES FACED

- They had to find new jobs

- They needed to find their families

- The needed money, clothes and shelters

- They had to get used to being free

- The traumatized slaves would still have to get used to the fact that they were now free and that no white people had the right to beat them or harm them. Anger and relief.

- They had to get an education

- The children would have to go to school and the adults would probably work in farms or railroads since they couldn’t read or write

- The had to look for help

- Racism, the white would blame the blacks.

WHY WAS THERE NEED FOR RECONSTRUCTION IN THE SOUTH

- Most of the war took place in the south and their was damage in the city.

- Most farms were in bad shape because when men went to war, women took care of them

WHAT WERE CHALLENGES WHITE PEOPLE FACED

- They had no more slaves to do the work

- The soldiers returned to their farms, most of them were not well taken care of

- They lost all the money they used to buy slaves

- Allot of farms were in dept

- The farmers were facing physical and economical difficulties

- Railroads were destroyed

- They needed reconstructions because they had no slaves to do all the work

- They needed recapitalization

- Mentally demoralized, they would come to their homes and find that nothing was there anymore. Their families would be killed and they would be psychologically demoralized.

- They would also be traumatized with the images

Steps that lead to the Revolution and Constitution

There were several steps that led to the revolution in America. The main events that caused it were the Townshend Acts, Stamp Act Congress, Navigation Acts, Boston and the Tea Party. The following paragraph will clarify each event and how they escort subsequently.

The first incident that caused the events that led to the American Revolution was that the colonists defeated Indians and the French had left. The British assumed colonists had not contributed enough to the French and Indian war and needed colonists to assist paying for the war’s price.

First, King George III made a proclamation. He restricted colonists to inhabit west of the Appalachian Mountains. The British then established new policies such as the Navigation acts, and recognized taxes on the Sugar act (1764), Stamp act (1765), and Townshend acts (1767).

The Navigation acts consisted of using only British and Colonial ships to sail, Exporting tobacco, sugar, indigo and furs only to Britain, and importing only from Britain or pay tax on exotic goods.

They then recalled Sugar acts in 1764. The sugar acts reduced existing taxes on import from Caribbean but made tax collection very strict. One year later, they started Stamp acts. It was the first interior tax, everyone publishing newspapers, writing wills or any legal printed document had to buy taxed stamps.

Two years later, Townshend acts began. Britain put new taxes on import of paper, glass, paint and tea. Then, the law forced colonists to provide British soldiers food accommodation when requested. This was called the Quartering acts.

The colonists responded by having a stamp congress. Delegates from 9 colonies gathered up in New York to find a way out of the stamp acts. They came up with arguments about how they possessed rights of Englishmen and that they could only be taxed by colonial legislatures and not by Parliament. They then instructed colonial boycott of British goods.

The Boston Tea Party then happened. The parliament made tea inexpensive and approved the Tea act 1773 releasing East India from paying taxes in England on tea shipped to the colonies.

Colonists still disliked the Tea Act since the merchants who illegally bring tea from Holland to avoid tea tax now could not contend and because they still had to pay the taxes of the Townshend acts. Subsequently n 1773, some colonists yearning for revenge disguised as Indians and dumped the tea into the harbor.

The Parliament was furious and responded by having Intolerable Acts in 1774. They were determined to penalize Massachusetts so they closed the Boston harbor until all the tea the colonists dumped was paid for. They then allowed soldier division in any town causing the colonists to have the First Continental Congress (1774). Delegates from 12 colonies gathered up in Philadelphia to demonstrate colonial resistance to intolerable Acts. They settled the boycott growth of British goods. They even started training military and storing military supplies. This eventually led to America’s Revolution.

The French and Indian war was a British war fought in western colonial lands and in the north. Parliament needed funds to help pay for it. They started taxing and acts that caused reactions from the colonists. These procedures eventually led to the start of the American Revolution.

Expanding Markets & Moving West

In the mid-1800’s, The United States expanded (grew) economically and geographically in many ways. The new developed technology helped a lot. Another approach was the agriculture and the new crops that were traded. The economical growth were connected to Economics, Technology and Geography.

In the 19^th century, Americans started to move west. The decline in the economic business caused that. First the economic downturn gave them the idea of moving. Then gold was found in California so Americans knew that if they settled in the west coast, it could be the solution to their economical decline. IF they hadn’t geographically reacted to their economical problems, they wouldn’t have had such a successful expansion.

One of the ways the economy grew was the development of new technology. “Technology changes created greater interaction and more economic diversity among the regions of the nation” The first electromagnetic telegraph was created by Samuel F.B. Morse. He sent signals ten miles apart through a copper wire. He then asked the congress to financially support an investigational telegraph that would travel 100 mi and they approved. Later, the U.S had profit out of that successful telegraph. Afterwards; Charles Goodyear made rubber for shoes then cars. I.M. Singer then created the sewing machine. When these were sold and traded, America had a great economical Growth.

The Geography had a huge impact on the economical growth. Apart from the gold found, the geography helped allot. The agriculture was the main part to the geographical income. The countryside Americans made their own merchandise, and traded with neighbors to satisfy almost all their needs. They then bought technology from local markets. They grew crops and raised animals. The local markets had products such as wood, eggs and butter. Merchants would purchase coffee, tea, sugar and horseshoes with US dollars. The cash crops were sold to buy plow. Agriculture was prosperous, as people needed food. Crops soon became less expensive because the technology made it easier to maintain them.

If it weren’t because of the Technological and geographical support, America would suffer from economical downturn. There were many ways the United States grew economically. Part of them were sewing machines, telegraphs and rubber development. Others were crops grown in the countryside and goods provided in local stores.

North vs. South Advantages

Northern advantages:

further technology

better transport and railroads which made movement go quicker

had economic stability with equilibrum between farming and industry

had superior factories

owned more guns, ammunition, shoes

they were richer and had more money in banks

high-quality government, army and navy

2/3 of the nation's population was in the North

they had a larger army

Southern advantages:

They were guided by their beleifs (self government)

7 of the 8 Military schools were in the South

The Southerners were on the defensive on their land

Owned slaves to help them with the farming.

Had economical reinforcement and relationships with foreign countries

They owned powerful firearms

A Compromise

Compromise can be the solution to many problems. Some people have health problems such as heart or kidney deffects. Lives can be saved if dead people agree to give their organs if they still work well. The problem is not everyone feel comfortable giving away their organs to a stranger thats why not all countries allow that procedure. People need these organs to live, they can save them! Unfortunatly no compromise can be found to help those ill people.

Hotel Mariot finally in morocco !

The american Marriot hotel company is finally opening in Morocco. Their goal is to have 70 hotels in Africa by the end of 2015. Their strongest income came from the hotels built in asia so they are now investing in africa.In order to reach that goal, they will start by opening a hotel in Algeria, Morocco, Ghana and two more Egypt.

Migration to NYC !

If I were to migrate to a country after I finish my studies it would probably be America. New York City is my dream. I love the art their. I would love to go see all thee musicals there. I also love shopping so it would be great to live in New York. I think all the skyscrapers of that city are amazing. Americans are open-minded so there will be no racism against Arabs or Muslims. The technology there is pretty advanced, all I need is an apple store and everything will be fine for me. As a worker in a Fashion Magazine, New York City will be perfect since it is the capital of fashion.

Vocabulary

MY DEFINITIONS :

Natural rights : Anyone can enter a society with their own rights that no form of authority can take away from them

Social Contract : A contract between members of a society which consists participating in social benefits for example to sacrify someone's freedom to protect a state.

Right to Revolution : Having the right to rebel when government is unfair or abuses authority

Popular sovereignty : The supreme power or authority a state has over its people

Right of self determination : The proccess a country goes through to detetmine their statehood and form allegiances

IMPORTANCE RANKING :

1. Natural Rights

2. Popular Soverignty

3. Rights to Revolution

4. Social Contract

5.Right of self determination

Migration

Most Moroccans migrate from Morocco because they either have a better job offer or they want to go to University in a foreign country for a better education. They also migrate from Morocco to discover the world and learn about different cultures. Some Moroccans migrate to have another Nationality because of the privileges of having another kind of passport. Moroccans also migrate to do some research in other countries to try to develop something new. Others go there to live with their family or they go their to start a family with their new bride or husband. Morocco underdeveloped country and it is another reason a person would ant to migrate from Morocco.

People all around the world are migrating to Morocco. Some have job offers, others like the climate and geography. Others are here for some research in the Sahara desert, in our mountains or in the old cities. Morocco is a great country with interesting cultures, traditions and foods so people might come here to experience the life of a Moroccan. People might also have family in morocco and they would like to live here with them. Others just want to start a family here . People from a country with Social, Economic and Political issues come to Morocco illegally, they burn all the ID cards once they get here then they never leave.

Podcasts

I am subscribed to MTV crispy news. Its been a year I get one Podcast per week. I think they are interesting. It talks about stars in hollywood and recent "scandals".

This week's podcast was special and unusual. Instead of talking about scandals, it talked about about MTV video music awards in New York. Pink, Kelly Clarkson and Katy Perry were nominates for the best female video with Taylor Swift, Beyonce and Lady Gaga.

Chris Martin from Coldplay and Eminem each got nominated four times . Britney Spears, Lady Gaga and Beyonce each have six nominations.

Why study history ?

History is a great way to learn where cultures come from. We can also learn about our origins and others' origin. Usually traditions come from history. It is also good to learn about the development society and humanity . History is the start to everything !

Dare to Wear

Recently, a woman in Sudan wore pants in public. Article 152 of Sudan’s penal code : “ anyone who commits an indecent act which violates public morality or wears indecent clothing” can be fined and lashed up to 40 times. She avoided whipping and lashing but was fined 200 $ . On the day of that woman's prosecution, Lubna Hussein (a female journalist) wore the same pair of pants in the capital of sudan . Lubna said she wanted to bring attention to woman rights. She then went on trial but vowed not to pay a single penny. The judges threatened they would put her in prison for a month if she did not pay the fine but she still refused to. Her lawyers advised her to but this is what she responded ;“I would spend a month in jail. It is a chance to explore the conditions in jail.”

Unfortunately, they had to put her in jail. Luckily a comitee raised up money to pay her custody. Women from British, French, Canadian, Swedish and Dutch Embassies showed up wearing pants to protest but police took 40 women. Some witnesses say that at least one of them got beaten even though they all got released a little bit later.

Source : http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/08/world/africa/08sudan.html?ref=world

Skills of the 21st century

The following list is a list of important skills adults need for a successful life in the 21st century

-Communication

-Transport

-Education

-Technology

-Contacts

Blogging

Their are 5 reasons i think blogging is great ;

1) It saves paper rather than publishing books so it is good for ecology.

2) It's a fun way to communicate and share ideas

3) Blog entries are also sources of information for Readers and Posters

4) They help us prepare for our futur with technology

5) We learn how to blog, and have fun blogging at the same time

My Goals

This is a short list of goals I would like to acheive by the end of 2010 :

1) Pass 9th grade with mostely 6's and 7's on my report card
2) Spend less time on facebook
3) Do more sports
4) Take spanish classes to be able ot speak fleuntly
5) Take belly dancing and Salsa classes
6) Fall less on my legs
7) Move back to my old house
8) Spend more time with my sister
9) Go to England
10) Eat healthier